Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors involved in lipid transport and metabolism. As such, their roles in chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and cancer are heavily investigated. Transcriptional activity of PPARs is regulated by fatty acid binding. Three PPAR isotypes have been identified: , and . PPAR stimulates lipolysis of circulating triglycerides and the subsequent uptake of fatty acids into adipose cells. PPARs can bind to DNA only as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR).
Product Information
Format
Purified
Control
3T3/L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes, PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells.
This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described.
FUNCTION:Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. SUBUNIT STRUCTURE:Forms a heterodimer with the retinoic acid receptor RXRA called adipocyte-specific transcription factor ARF6. Interacts with NCOA6 coactivator, leading to a strong increase in transcription of target genes. Interacts with coactivator PPARBP, leading to a mild increase in transcription of target genes. Interacts with FAM120B. Interacts with PRDM16 By similarity. Interacts with NOCA7 in a ligand-inducible manner. Interacts with NCOA1 LXXLL motifs. Interacts with TGFB1I1. Interacts with DNTTIP2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION:Nucleus. TISSUE SPECIFICITY:Highest expression in adipose tissue. Lower in skeletal muscle, spleen, heart and liver. Also detectable in placenta, lung and ovary. POLYMORPHISM:Genetic variation in PPARG may influence body mass index (BMI) [MIM:606641]. BMI reflects the amount of fat, lean mass, and body build. INVOLVEMENT IN DISEASE:Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension.Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity [MIM:601665].Defects in PPARG may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:604367]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Variation in PPARG is associated with carotid intimal medial thickness 1 (CIMT1) [MIM:609338]. CIMT is a measure of atherosclerosis that is independently associated with traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors and coronary atherosclerotic burden. 35 to 45% of the variability in multivariable-adjusted CIMT is explained by genetic factors. SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.
Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain.
Product Usage Statements
Quality Assurance
Evaluated by western blot on NIH/3T3 L1 cells that were undifferentiated and differentiated into adipocytes.
Western Blot Analysis: 1:500 dilution of this antibody detected PPARγ phosphorylated at Ser82 in undifferentiated and acipocyte differentiated NIH/3T3 L1 cells.
Usage Statement
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
Storage and Shipping Information
Storage Conditions
Stable for 1 year at -20ºC from date of receipt.
Handling Recommendations: Upon receipt, and prior to removing the cap, centrifuge the vial and gently mix the solution. Aliquot into microcentrifuge tubes and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, which may damage IgG and affect product performance.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors involved in lipid transport and metabolism. As such, their roles in chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and cancer are heavily investigated. Transcriptional activity of PPARs is regulated by fatty acid binding. Three PPAR isotypes have been identified: , and . PPAR stimulates lipolysis of circulating triglycerides and the subsequent uptake of fatty acids into adipose cells. PPARs can bind to DNA only as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR).
Product Information
Format
Purified
Control
3T3/L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes, PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells.
This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subfamily of nuclear receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and these heterodimers regulate transcription of various genes. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha, PPAR-delta, and PPAR-gamma. The protein encoded by this gene is PPAR-gamma and is a regulator of adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, PPAR-gamma has been implicated in the pathology of numerous diseases including obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been described.
FUNCTION:Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. SUBUNIT STRUCTURE:Forms a heterodimer with the retinoic acid receptor RXRA called adipocyte-specific transcription factor ARF6. Interacts with NCOA6 coactivator, leading to a strong increase in transcription of target genes. Interacts with coactivator PPARBP, leading to a mild increase in transcription of target genes. Interacts with FAM120B. Interacts with PRDM16 By similarity. Interacts with NOCA7 in a ligand-inducible manner. Interacts with NCOA1 LXXLL motifs. Interacts with TGFB1I1. Interacts with DNTTIP2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION:Nucleus. TISSUE SPECIFICITY:Highest expression in adipose tissue. Lower in skeletal muscle, spleen, heart and liver. Also detectable in placenta, lung and ovary. POLYMORPHISM:Genetic variation in PPARG may influence body mass index (BMI) [MIM:606641]. BMI reflects the amount of fat, lean mass, and body build. INVOLVEMENT IN DISEASE:Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension.Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity [MIM:601665].Defects in PPARG may be associated with colon cancer. Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:604367]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Variation in PPARG is associated with carotid intimal medial thickness 1 (CIMT1) [MIM:609338]. CIMT is a measure of atherosclerosis that is independently associated with traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors and coronary atherosclerotic burden. 35 to 45% of the variability in multivariable-adjusted CIMT is explained by genetic factors. SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.
Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain.
Product Usage Statements
Quality Assurance
Evaluated by western blot on NIH/3T3 L1 cells that were undifferentiated and differentiated into adipocytes.
Western Blot Analysis: 1:500 dilution of this antibody detected PPARγ phosphorylated at Ser82 in undifferentiated and acipocyte differentiated NIH/3T3 L1 cells.
Usage Statement
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
Storage and Shipping Information
Storage Conditions
Stable for 1 year at -20ºC from date of receipt.
Handling Recommendations: Upon receipt, and prior to removing the cap, centrifuge the vial and gently mix the solution. Aliquot into microcentrifuge tubes and store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles, which may damage IgG and affect product performance.
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