Fas ligand (FasL, CD 95L) is a type-II-membrane protein, whose N-terminus is in the cytoplasm and its C-terminal region extends into the extracellular space. Its receptor Fas (CD 95, Apo-1) is a cell-surface-type-I-membrane protein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor family. As a member of the TNF-cytokine family FasL induces apoptosis when interacting with its receptor Fas. FasL may exist as either membrane bound (45 kD) or soluble forms (26 kD). The soluble protein can be released from cells upon cleavage by metalloproteinases. Binding of FasL to Fas leads to oligomerization of the receptor and triggers apoptotic cell death through the interaction of other proteins. FasL is predominantly expressed in activated T-lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells also it is expressed in the tissues of immune-privilege sites such as testis and eye. FasL expression is also reported in various tissues as thymus, liver, ovary, lung, heart and kidney. The Fas/FasL system has been shown to play a role in a number of human diseases, for example AIDS, hepatitis or cancer. It is assumed that induction of apoptosis through FasL is predominantly involved in anti-viral immune responses.
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