Atg4A (D62C10) Rabbit mAb

• 产品编号：CST-7613S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：7613S
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 蛋白特异性一抗
• 应用分类：

描述：

Atg4A (D62C10) Rabbit mAb 兔单抗能够检测内源性的Atg4A 总蛋白。该抗体能够识别分子量范围在48-60kDa的未鉴定条带，这会随着Atg4A表达的沉默而减少。该单克隆抗体通过合成肽免疫动物制备，这些合成肽的序列与人源Atg4A蛋白羧基末端周围的残基相一致。自噬是自噬溶酶体对其包裹的细胞质内容物进行降解的一种分解代谢过程(1)。关于自噬的调控的研究，大部分集中在酵母中，还包含一些由自噬相关基因(Atg)编码的蛋白。自噬小泡的形成需要一对重要的泛素样连接体系，Atg12-Atg5和Atg8-磷脂酰乙醇胺（Atg8-PE），这些广泛存在于真核细胞中(2)。与酵母相对应的许多哺乳动物的Atg蛋白已被描述，包括三种Atg8蛋白(GATE-16、GABARAP, 和LC3 )和四种Atg4同源物（(Atg4A/自噬蛋白酶-2、Atg4B/自噬蛋白酶-1、Atg4C/自噬蛋白酶-3 和 Atg4D/自噬蛋白酶-4)(3-5)。半胱氨酸蛋白酶Atg4对自噬体膜的生成和调控至关重要。Atg4通过剪切Atg8的羰基末端，并暴露其E1样酶Atg7甘氨酸残基，起始Atg8同源物的脂化。Atg8同源物转移到E2样酶Atg3，之后形成Atg8-PE结合物。在自噬的晚期，Atg4可以通过剪切PE逆转这种脂化，从而逆转Atg8同源物(6)。Atg4A主要负责剪切GATE-16，然而它也可以较低效率地剪切其它哺乳动物Atg8的同源物(4,7,8)。Atg4A的突变体，对于氧化还原的调节，以及抑制自噬体的形成是至关重要的。Atg4A突变体的表达，证明了它在营养缺乏的自噬中起着活性氧的作用。

1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
2. Ohsumi, Y. (2001) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2, 211-6.
3. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2000) EMBO J 19, 5720-8.
4. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 2805-12.
5. Mariño, G. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 3671-8.
6. Sou, Y.S. et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell 19, 4762-75.
7. Scherz-Shouval, R. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 14053-8.
8. Li, M. et al. (2011) J Biol Chem 286, 7327-38.
9. Scherz-Shouval, R. et al. (2007) EMBO J 26, 1749-60.

原厂资料：

Specificity / Sensitivity

Atg4A (D62C10) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total Atg4A protein. This antibody recognizes unidentified bands within the molecular weight range of 48-60 kDa which decrease with silencing of Atg4A expression.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the carboxy terminus of human Atg4A protein.

Background

Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents. Control of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and involves proteins encoded by a set of autophagy-related genes (Atg) (1). Formation of autophagic vesicles requires a pair of essential ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, Atg12-Atg5 and Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (Atg8-PE), which are widely conserved in eukaryotes (2). Numerous mammalian counterparts to yeast Atg proteins have been described, including three Atg8 proteins (GATE-16, GABARAP, and LC3) and four Atg4 homologues (Atg4A/autophagin-2, Atg4B/autophagin-1, Atg4C/autophagin-3, and Atg4D/autophagin-4) (3-5). The cysteine protease Atg4 is pivotal to autophagosome membrane generation and regulation. Atg4 primes the Atg8 homologue for lipidation by cleaving its carboxy terminus and exposing its glycine residue for E1-like enzyme Atg7. The Atg8 homologue is transferred to the E2-like enzyme Atg3 before forming the Atg8-PE conjugate. During later stages of autophagy, Atg4 can reverse this lipidation event by cleaving PE, thereby recycling the Atg8 homologue (6).Atg4A predominately cleaves GATE-16, athough it can cleave the other mammalian Atg8 homologues with lesser efficiencies (4,7,8). Mutation in the corresponding Atg4A gene is critical for redox regulation and inhibits autophagosome formation. Expression of this Atg4A mutation demonstrates a role for reactive oxygen species in nutrient-deprived autophagy (9).

1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
2. Ohsumi, Y. (2001) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2, 211-6.
3. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2000) EMBO J 19, 5720-8.
4. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 2805-12.
5. Mariño, G. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 3671-8.
6. Sou, Y.S. et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell 19, 4762-75.
7. Scherz-Shouval, R. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 14053-8.
8. Li, M. et al. (2011) J Biol Chem 286, 7327-38.
9. Scherz-Shouval, R. et al. (2007) EMBO J 26, 1749-60.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150
mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02%
sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.