HMGB1 (D3E5) Rabbit mAb

• 产品编号：CST-6893S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：6893S
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 蛋白特异性一抗
• 应用分类：

描述：

HMGB1 (D3E5) Rabbit mAb兔单抗能够检测内源性HMGB1总蛋白水平。该抗体不能与其它HMGB蛋白发生交叉反应，包含HMGB2和HMGB3蛋白。通过合成的与人源HMGB1蛋白Ala137位点周围相应的多肽片段去免疫动物从而制备出此单克隆抗体。High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1)蛋白属于一个高度保守蛋白家族，其包含HMG box结构域(1,2)。所有三个家族成员(HMGB1、HMGB2和HMGB3)都包含两个HMG box结构域和一个羧基端酸性域。HMGB1蛋白是广泛表达和高度丰富的蛋白质(2)。HMGB2蛋白在胚胎发育期间高度表达，但是在成年动物中淋巴器官和睾丸中表达受限。在胚胎形成期间只有HMGB3蛋白被表达(4)。当表达不同时，不同家族成员的生化性能可能没有区别。HMG box结构域有助于HMGB蛋白结合到DNA的小沟，这导致DNA双螺旋的局部弯曲(1,2)。HMGB蛋白被招募，并且有助于位点特异性DNA结合蛋白装配到染色质它们的同源的结合位点。例如，HMGB1蛋白有助于Hox蛋白、Oct-1、p53、Rel蛋白和类固醇激素受体蛋白结合到它们的靶基因启动子上(1,2)。除了在细胞核内它们的功能之外，HMGB蛋白在与炎症有关的细胞外信号起着重要作用(5,6)。在细胞死亡期间而不是凋亡，HMGB1蛋白大量的释放到细胞外环境。通过作为一个炎性白细胞、平滑肌细胞和干细胞的化学引诱物，细胞外的HMGB1蛋白使自身免疫系统增强警戒性，这对于可溶性和颗粒抗原作为一个免疫辅助功能，并且引起T细胞和树突细胞激活。另外，活化的单核细胞、巨噬细胞和树突细胞也分泌HMGB1蛋白，这形成一个正向反馈环，从而导致额外的细胞因子和中性粒细胞的释放。研究证明在肝脏中低氧条件可引起HMGB1蛋白的释放，并且一些研究认为细胞外HMGB1蛋白在肿瘤稳态中起着一定作用(5,6)。

1. Thomas, J.O. and Travers, A.A. (2001) Trends Biochem Sci 26, 167-74.
2. Müller, S. et al. (2004) J Intern Med 255, 332-43.
3. Ronfani, L. et al. (2001) Development 128, 1265-73.
4. Vaccari, T. et al. (1998) Genomics 49, 247-52.
5. Campana, L. et al. (2008) Curr Opin Immunol 20, 518-23.
6. Klune, J.R. et al. (2008) Mol Med 14, 476-84.

原厂资料：

Homology

Species predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology: Chicken, Bovine, Horse

Specificity / Sensitivity

HMGB1 (D3E5) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total HMGB1 protein. This antibody does not cross-react with other HMGB proteins, including HMGB2 and HMGB3.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ala137 of human HMGB1 protein.

Background

High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) belongs to a family of highly conserved proteins that contain HMG box domains (1,2). All three family members (HMGB1, HMGB2, and HMGB3) contain two HMG box domains and a C-terminal acidic domain. HMGB1 is a widely expressed and highly abundant protein (2). HMGB2 is widely expressed during embryonic development, but is restricted to lymphoid organs and testis in adult animals (3). HMGB3 is only expressed during embryogenesis (4). While expression varies, the biochemical properties of the different family members may be indistinguishable. The HMG box domains facilitate the binding of HMGB proteins to the minor groove of DNA, which results in local bending of the DNA double helix (1,2). HMGB proteins are recruited by and help facilitate the assembly of site-specific DNA binding proteins to their cognate binding sites in chromatin. For example, HMGB1 facilitates the binding of Hox proteins, Oct-1, p53, Rel proteins, and steroid hormone receptor proteins to their target gene promoters (1,2). In addition to their functions in the nucleus, HMGB proteins play a significant role in extracellular signaling associated with inflammation (5,6). HMGB1 is massively released into the extracellular environment during cell necrosis, but not apoptosis. Extracellular HMGB1 "alarms" the innate immune system by acting as a chemoattractant for inflammatory leukocytes, smooth muscle cells, and stem cells, functioning as an immune adjuvant for soluble and particulate antigens, and triggering activation of T cells and dendritic cells. In addition, activated monocytes, macrophages and, dendritic cells also secrete HMGB1, forming a positive feedback loop that results in the release of additional cytokines and neutrophils. Hypoxia has also been shown to cause the release of HMGB1 in the liver, and some studies suggest a role for extracellular HMGB1 in tumor homeostasis (5,6).

1. Thomas, J.O. and Travers, A.A. (2001) Trends Biochem Sci 26, 167-74.
2. Müller, S. et al. (2004) J Intern Med 255, 332-43.
3. Ronfani, L. et al. (2001) Development 128, 1265-73.
4. Vaccari, T. et al. (1998) Genomics 49, 247-52.
5. Campana, L. et al. (2008) Curr Opin Immunol 20, 518-23.
6. Klune, J.R. et al. (2008) Mol Med 14, 476-84.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150
mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02%
sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.