Phospho-TORC1/CRTC1 (Ser151) Antibody

• 产品编号：CST-3359S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：3359S
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 磷酸化抗体
• 应用分类：

描述：

Phospho-Torc1/Crtc1 (Ser151) Antibody用于检测转染的在Ser151位点磷酸的Torc1/Crtc1蛋白水平多克隆抗体是通过合成对应于人Torc1/Crtc1蛋白序列的肽段免疫动物获得，抗体经Protein A和肽亲和层析纯化制得。糖平衡由多种激素和机体能量状态调节。饥饿后的进食会通过一种葡萄糖感应的形式来促进胰岛beta细胞合成并分泌胰岛素。进食还会促进一些肠激素如胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP－1）的分泌，它会进一步诱导胰岛素分泌，抑制胰高血糖素释放，促进beta细胞的生存力。CREB依赖型转录因子在血糖感应和GLP－1通路中都发挥作用（1）。Torc2蛋白（transducer of regulated CREB activity 2）是CREB的一个辅转录因子（2,3），它在这两种通路的调控中都发挥作用（4）。在静息状态的细胞中，Torc2的Ser171被磷酸化，从而在胞质中被14-3-3结合。葡萄糖和肠激素会使Torc2去磷酸化，并从14-3-3的结合中释放出来。去磷酸化的Torc2入核并促进CREB介导的基因转录。在饥饿状态下，作为对能量状态和激素水平的应答，Torc2在肝脏糖异生基因的表达中发挥关键作用（5）。Torc2相关蛋白Torc1和Torc3也是CREB的辅转录因子（2,3）。Torc1, Torc2和Torc3与HTLV Tax蛋白作用促进Tax依赖型的HTLV-1长末端重复序列的转录（6,7）。在基础状态下，小鼠下丘脑细胞中的Torc1　151位丝氨酸高度磷酸化（8）。当细胞接触到cAMP和钙激活因子后，Torc1会去磷酸化并入核（8）。Torc1对能量平衡和生殖调节至关重要（8）。

1. Hinke, S.A. et al. (2004) J Physiol 558, 369-80.
2. Conkright, M.D. et al. (2003) Mol Cell 12, 413-23.
3. Iourgenko, V. et al. (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 12147-52.
4. Screaton, R.A. et al. (2004) Cell 119, 61-74.
5. Koo, S.H. et al. (2005) Nature 437, 1109-11.
6. Koga, H. et al. (2004) J Biol Chem 279, 52978-83.
7. Siu, Y.T. et al. (2006) J Virol 80, 7052-9.
8. Altarejos, J.Y. et al. (2008) Nat Med 14, 1112-7.

原厂资料：

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-Torc1/Crtc1 (Ser151) Antibody detects transfected levels of Torc1/Crtc1 protein when phosphorylated on Ser151.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to the sequence of human Torc1/Crtc1. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Background

Glucose homeostasis is regulated by hormones and cellular energy status. Elevations of blood glucose during feeding stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β-cells through a glucose sensing pathway. Feeding also stimulates release of gut hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which further induces insulin release, inhibits glucagon release and promotes β-cell viability. CREB-dependent transcription likely plays a role in both glucose sensing and GLP-1 signaling (1). The protein Torc2 (transducer of regulated CREB activity 2) functions as a CREB co-activator (2,3) and is implicated in mediating the effects of these two pathways (4). In quiescent cells, Torc2 is phosphorylated at Ser171 and becomes sequestered in the cytoplasm via an interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Glucose and gut hormones lead to the dephosphorylation of Torc2 and its dissociation from 14-3-3 proteins. Dephosphorylated Torc2 enters the nucleus to promote CREB-dependent transcription. Torc2 plays a key role in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic gene transcription in response to hormonal and energy signals during fasting (5). Torc2-related proteins Torc1 and Torc3 also act as CREB co-activators (2,3). Torc1, Torc2 and Torc3 associate with the HTLV Tax protein to promote Tax-dependent transcription of HTLV-1 long terminal repeats (6,7). Torc1 is highly phosphorylated at Ser151 in mouse hypothalamic cells under basal conditions (8). When these cells are exposed to cAMP or a calcium activator, Torc1 is dephosphorylated and translocates into the nucleus (8). Torc1 is essential for energy balance and fertility (8).

1. Hinke, S.A. et al. (2004) J Physiol 558, 369-80.
2. Conkright, M.D. et al. (2003) Mol Cell 12, 413-23.
3. Iourgenko, V. et al. (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 12147-52.
4. Screaton, R.A. et al. (2004) Cell 119, 61-74.
5. Koo, S.H. et al. (2005) Nature 437, 1109-11.
6. Koga, H. et al. (2004) J Biol Chem 279, 52978-83.
7. Siu, Y.T. et al. (2006) J Virol 80, 7052-9.
8. Altarejos, J.Y. et al. (2008) Nat Med 14, 1112-7.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA and 50% glycerol. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.