TORC1/CRTC1 Antibody

• 产品编号：CST-2501S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：2501S
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 蛋白特异性一抗
• 应用分类：

描述：

Torc1抗体识别内源性的Torc1总蛋白水平，并且不与Torc2和Torc3发生交互作用。该多克隆抗体用与人类Torc1蛋白（G296周围）氨基酸序列对应的人工合成肽段免疫动物而制成。该抗体使用蛋白A和蛋白亲和层析纯化制得。

葡萄糖稳态调节由激素和细胞能量状态调节。摄食后血糖水平升高，刺激胰岛素通过血糖敏感的途径从胰岛β细胞中释放（1）。摄食也可以刺激肠激素如胰高血糖素样肽1（GLP-1），然后进一步刺激胰岛素释放，抑制胰高血糖素释放，促进胰岛β细胞的活力。CREB依赖的转录似乎在葡萄糖感受和GLP-1信号通路中都发挥作用（1）。Torc2蛋白（调节CREB活性2的传感器）作为CREB共激活因子发挥作用（2,3），暗示其在这两条通路中发挥作用（4）。在静止细胞中，TORC2在Ser171被磷酸化，并通过与14-3-3蛋白相互作用而在细胞质中被隔离。葡萄糖和胃肠激素导致Torc2的去磷酸化，并使其与14-3-3蛋白分离。去磷酸化的TORC2进入细胞核，促进CREB依赖的转录。Torc2在调节激素和饥饿能量信号导致的肝脏生糖基因转录中发挥重要作用（5）。Torc2相关的蛋白质TORC1和Torc3也是CREB的共激活剂（2,3）。Torc1, Torc2和Torc3与HTLV Tax蛋白结合，促进Tax依赖的HTLV-1长末端重复序列的转录（6,7）。Torc1在基础条件下小鼠下丘脑细胞中于Ser151处高度磷酸化（8）。当这些细胞暴露于cAMP或钙激活剂，Torc1会去磷酸化，然后转移到细胞核中（8）。Torc1对能量平衡和生育是至关重要的（8）。

1. Hinke, S.A. et al. (2004) J Physiol 558, 369-80.
2. Conkright, M.D. et al. (2003) Mol Cell 12, 413-23.
3. Iourgenko, V. et al. (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 12147-52.
4. Screaton, R.A. et al. (2004) Cell 119, 61-74.
5. Koo, S.H. et al. (2005) Nature 437, 1109-11.
6. Koga, H. et al. (2004) J Biol Chem 279, 52978-83.
7. Siu, Y.T. et al. (2006) J Virol 80, 7052-9.
8. Altarejos, J.Y. et al. (2008) Nat Med 14, 1112-7.

原厂资料：

Homology

Species predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology: Human

Specificity / Sensitivity

Torc1 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Torc1 protein and will not cross-react with Torc2 or Torc3 proteins.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the sequence of humanTorc1 (around G296). Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Background

Glucose homeostasis is regulated by hormones and cellular energy status. Elevations of blood glucose during feeding stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β-cells through a glucose sensing pathway. Feeding also stimulates release of gut hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which further induces insulin release, inhibits glucagon release and promotes β-cell viability. CREB-dependent transcription likely plays a role in both glucose sensing and GLP-1 signaling (1). The protein Torc2 (transducer of regulated CREB activity 2) functions as a CREB co-activator (2,3) and is implicated in mediating the effects of these two pathways (4). In quiescent cells, Torc2 is phosphorylated at Ser171 and becomes sequestered in the cytoplasm via an interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Glucose and gut hormones lead to the dephosphorylation of Torc2 and its dissociation from 14-3-3 proteins. Dephosphorylated Torc2 enters the nucleus to promote CREB-dependent transcription. Torc2 plays a key role in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic gene transcription in response to hormonal and energy signals during fasting (5). Torc2-related proteins Torc1 and Torc3 also act as CREB co-activators (2,3). Torc1, Torc2 and Torc3 associate with the HTLV Tax protein to promote Tax-dependent transcription of HTLV-1 long terminal repeats (6,7). Torc1 is highly phosphorylated at Ser151 in mouse hypothalamic cells under basal conditions (8). When these cells are exposed to cAMP or a calcium activator, Torc1 is dephosphorylated and translocates into the nucleus (8). Torc1 is essential for energy balance and fertility (8).

1. Hinke, S.A. et al. (2004) J Physiol 558, 369-80.
2. Conkright, M.D. et al. (2003) Mol Cell 12, 413-23.
3. Iourgenko, V. et al. (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 12147-52.
4. Screaton, R.A. et al. (2004) Cell 119, 61-74.
5. Koo, S.H. et al. (2005) Nature 437, 1109-11.
6. Koga, H. et al. (2004) J Biol Chem 279, 52978-83.
7. Siu, Y.T. et al. (2006) J Virol 80, 7052-9.
8. Altarejos, J.Y. et al. (2008) Nat Med 14, 1112-7.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM
NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA and 50% glycerol. Store at –20°C.
Do not aliquot the antibody