NCAPD3 (D3H6L) Rabbit mAb

• 产品编号：CST-13473S      品牌：CST       原厂货号：13473S
• 产品分类：抗体 > 一抗 > 蛋白特异性一抗
• 应用分类：

描述：

NCAPD3 (D3H6L) Rabbit mAb可以识别内源性总的NCAPD3蛋白。单克隆抗体由合成肽段免疫动物产生，该肽段与人NCAPD3蛋白羧基末端附近氨基酸一致。Structural maintenance of chromosomes 2 (SMC2) 和4 (SMC4)是凝缩蛋白复合物亚基能让染色质在细胞分裂后期向两个相反方向迁移时凝结（1,2）。凝缩蛋白是染色质的一个通用调控因子，可能调控基因表达和DNA修复。凝缩蛋白复合物亚基SMC2和SMC4形成了一个能够在染色质凝聚中发挥重要作用的有功能的ATPase，同时有三个辅助亚基能够调控ATPase功能。研究发现高等真核细胞中，SMC2和SMC4都属于两个不同的凝缩蛋白复合物（condensin I 和 II）。凝缩蛋白I 含有辅助亚基NCAPD2, NCAPG,和 NCAPH，凝缩蛋白II含有相关的辅助蛋白NCAPD3, NCAPG2,和NCAPH2 (1,2). 每个凝缩蛋白复合物在细胞周期中表现了不同的定位模式，也提供了不同的功能（3-5）。Structural maintenance of chromosomes 2 (SMC2) 和4 (SMC4)凝缩蛋白I分裂间期位于细胞质中，在分裂前期核膜破裂后与染色质结合。凝缩蛋白I对于cohesin完全从染色质臂脱离，染色质缩短和前中期到中期的正常进行是必要的。凝缩蛋白I基因突变会导致分裂后期纤维持续存在引起胞质分裂缺陷。凝缩蛋白II在分裂间期位于细胞核，直到分裂早期才与染色质集合并一直持续到分裂末期。凝缩蛋白II对于起始早期的染色质凝集是必不可少的。凝缩蛋白II的基因突变会导致染色质的不完全分离产生大量anaphase bridges。凝缩蛋白II复合物亚基D3（NCAPD3）在凝缩蛋白II与染色质连接时发挥了关键作用，并调控染色质凝聚（6,7）。NCAPD3蛋白包括HEAT重复区，该区域与单甲基化组蛋白H4Lys20结合，这是一个组蛋白标记能够抑制有丝分裂且对于DNA修复和染色质凝聚非常重要（6）。组蛋白去甲基化酶PHF8与染色体分离会增加组蛋白H4 Lys20的单甲基化水平，提高甲基转移酶SET8的表达水平，导致分裂期NCAPD3和凝缩蛋白II与染色体结合增强（6）。NCAPD3的Thr1415被CDK1激酶（cdc2）磷酸化会募集PLK1激酶，PLK1激酶会高度磷酸化凝缩蛋白II并促进有丝分裂染色体的组装（7）。

1. Losada, A. and Hirano, T. (2005) Genes Dev 19, 1269-87.
2. Hudson, D.F. et al. (2009) Chromosome Res 17, 131-44.
3. Hirota, T. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 6435-45.
4. Ono, T. et al. (2004) Mol Biol Cell 15, 3296-308.
5. Green, L.C. et al. (2012) J Cell Sci 125, 1591-604.
6. Liu, W. et al. (2010) Nature 466, 508-12.
7. Abe, S. et al. (2011) Genes Dev 25, 863-74.

原厂资料：

Specificity / Sensitivity

NCAPD3 (D3H6L) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total NCAPD3 protein.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the carboxy terminus of human NCAPD3 protein.

ackground

The structural maintenance of chromosomes 2 (SMC2) and 4 (SMC4) proteins are condensin complex subunits that enable chromosome condensation and compaction during migration to opposite poles during anaphase (1,2). Condensin is a general regulator of chromosome architecture that may also regulate gene expression and DNA repair. Condensin complex subunits SMC2 and SMC4 form a functional ATPase essential for chromatin condensation, while three auxiliary subunits regulate ATPase activity. Both SMC2 and SMC4 are found within two distinct condensin complexes (condensin I and II) in higher eukaryotes. Condensin I contains auxiliary subunits NCAPD2, NCAPG, and NCAPH, while condensin II contains related auxiliary proteins NCAPD3, NCAPG2, and NCAPH2 (1,2).

Each condensin complex exhibits different localization patterns during the cell cycle and provides for distinct functions during mitosis (3-5). Condensin I is cytoplasmic during interphase and binds chromatin following the breakdown of the nuclear envelope at the end of prophase. Condensin I is required for complete dissociation of cohesin from chromosome arms, for chromosome shortening, and for normal timing of progression through pro-metaphase and metaphase. Mutations in corresponding condensin I genes result in cytokinesis defects due to the persistence of anaphase fibers. Condensin II is nuclear during interphase, but does not bind to chromatin until early prophase where it remains bound until the end of telophase. Condensin II is required for initial chromatin condensation during early prophase. Mutations in corresponding condensin II genes produce high numbers of anaphase bridges resulting from incomplete chromosome segregation. Condensin II complex subunit D3 (NCAPD3) plays a pivotal role in the loading of condensin II onto chromatin and the regulation of chromatin condensation (6,7). NCAPD3 protein contains HEAT repeat clusters that bind to mono-methyl histone H4 Lys20, a histone mark prevalent during mitosis and important for DNA repair and chromatin condensation (6). Increased mono-methyl histone H4 Lys20 levels caused by dissociation of the histone demethylase PHF8 from chromatin and increased expression of the methyltransferase SET8, leads to increased binding of NCAPD3 and condensin II to chromosomes early in mitosis (6). Phosphorylation of NCAPD3 at Thr1415 by CDK1 kinase (cdc2) leads to the recruitment of PLK1 kinase, which hyperphosphorylates condensin II and facilitates mitotic chromosome assembly (7).

1. Losada, A. and Hirano, T. (2005) Genes Dev 19, 1269-87.
2. Hudson, D.F. et al. (2009) Chromosome Res 17, 131-44.
3. Hirota, T. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 6435-45.
4. Ono, T. et al. (2004) Mol Biol Cell 15, 3296-308.
5. Green, L.C. et al. (2012) J Cell Sci 125, 1591-604.
6. Liu, W. et al. (2010) Nature 466, 508-12.
7. Abe, S. et al. (2011) Genes Dev 25, 863-74.

注意事项：

Storage: Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150
mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02%
sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.