NF-κB is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that regulates many cytokine and Ig genes. It consists of homo- and heterodimeric proteins that belong to the Rel family of transcription factors. Rel proteins such as p50, p52, p65 (RelA), c-Rel, and RelB contain a Rel homology region (RHR) that includes DNA-binding and dimerization domains and a nuclear localization signal. Inactive NF-κB complexes are associated with their inhibitory IκB proteins. Several IκB proteins have been characterized including IκBα, IκBβ, and IκBε. They contain ankyrin repeats that interact with Rel RHR regions to form complexes in the cytoplasm that prevent nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In response to stimuli such as cytokines, LPS, and viral infections, IκB proteins are phosphorylated at critical residues by IκB kinases (IKKα and IKKβ) leading to proteolysis of IκB proteins. This frees the heterodimeric NF-κB to form a heterotetramer that translocates to the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional activator. IκBε may function primarily in the cytoplasm where it sequesters p65 and c-Rel, while IκBα and IκBβ have additional functions that involve entering the nucleus to inhibit Rel DNA binding.
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注意事项：
1.Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
2.Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
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