Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of ligand-inducible transcription factors that trigger complex events during development, differentiation, and homeostasis. They respond to the binding of steroid and thyroid hormones, retinoids, and vitamins. NRs contain an activation domain AF-1, which constitutively activates transcription. A second activation domain, AF-2, responds to ligand binding. Transcriptional interference/squelching between the AFs of steroid receptors first suggested the existence of Transcriptional Intermediary Factors (TIFs). TIFs mediate AF activity to the transcriptional machinery and chromatin template. TIF2 interacts directly with the ligand binding domains of several NRs in an agonist and AF-2-integrity-dependent manner. It has autonomous activation function, relieves interference between NRs, and has been shown to enhance AF-2 activity. TIF2 contains an NR interaction domain (NID) and two autonomous activation functions (AD1 and AD2). AD1 is identical to the TIF2 CBP interaction domain (CID). Thus, it is thought that TIF2 links NR AF2 activity and CBP via AD1 and functions as a transcriptional mediator through unknown CBP-independent mechanisms via AD2.
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1.Since applications vary, each investigator should titrate the reagent to obtain optimal results.
2.Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
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