Natural killer (NK) cells are a lymphocyte subpopulation that functions in innate immunity. Unlike cytotoxic T cells, NK cells specifically lyse targets that lack surface MHC class I expression. Inhibitory receptors on the surface of NK cells promote this specificity via the down regulation of lytic activity in response to target cell MHC expression. LAIR-1 (leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1) is an inhibitory receptor that is consitituitively expressed on human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. The structural characteristics of LAIR-1 include a single extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain and a cytoplasmic tail containing two immune receptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). LAIR-1 crosslinking induces the recruitment of the protein phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 to the ITIMs. These molecules are likely candidates to mediate the negative signal generated by LAIR-1. Although LAIR-1 binding inhibits NK activity, it is not thought to interact with MHC class I. Thus, LAIR-1 is a novel inhibitory receptor that functions independently of MHC recognition to repress the activity of NK cells and possibly, other mononuclear leukocytes. LAIR-1 has been reported to have a calculated molecular weight of 32 kD, but is observable at 40 kD. This antibody is routinely tested by western blot analysis. Other applications were tested at BD Biosciences Pharmingen during antibody development only or reported in the literature.
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