In most normal, viable eukaryotic cells, the negatively charged phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is located in the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer.¹ PS redistribution from the inner to the outer leaflet is an early and widespread event during apoptosis.¹,² However, in necrosis, PS becomes accessible due to the disruption of membrane integrity.² Apart from necrosis and apoptosis, PS also becomes accessible in activated platelets³, in certain cell anomalies like sickle cell anemia⁴, in erythrocyte senescence⁵, upon degranulation of mast cells⁶ and in certain stages of B cell differentiation⁷. PS exposure also serves as a trigger for the recognition and removal of apoptotic cells by macrophages.⁸,⁹ Annexin V is a 35 kDa phospholipid-binding protein and a major cell membrane component of macrophages and other phagocytic cell types. Annexin V has a high affinity to PS in the presence of physiological concentrations of calcium (Ca²+).¹⁰
原厂资料：
In most normal, viable eukaryotic cells, the negatively charged phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is located in the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer.¹ PS redistribution from the inner to the outer leaflet is an early and widespread event during apoptosis.¹,² However, in necrosis, PS becomes accessible due to the disruption of membrane integrity.² Apart from necrosis and apoptosis, PS also becomes accessible in activated platelets³, in certain cell anomalies like sickle cell anemia⁴, in erythrocyte senescence⁵, upon degranulation of mast cells⁶ and in certain stages of B cell differentiation⁷. PS exposure also serves as a trigger for the recognition and removal of apoptotic cells by macrophages.⁸,⁹ Annexin V is a 35 kDa phospholipid-binding protein and a major cell membrane component of macrophages and other phagocytic cell types. Annexin V has a high affinity to PS in the presence of physiological concentrations of calcium (Ca²+).¹⁰
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